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| 1906 |
| | | The Great Valparaiso Earthquake damages much of central Chile and is felt from Peru to Buenos Aires | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908 | |
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| 1913 |
| | | An underground railway opens in Buenos Aires, the first subway in Latin America | |
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| 1923 |
| | | Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems, Fervor de Buenos Aires ('Fervour of Buenos Aires') | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil | |
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| 1938 |
| | | The peace of Buenos Aires, ending the Chaco War, gives Paraguay most of the region under dispute with Bolivia | |
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| 1945 |
| | | A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón | |
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| 1954 |
| | | The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, discovered in Buenos Aires, is kidnapped by Israeli agents | |
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